How can brucellosis be transmitted to humans?

Brucellosis is primarily transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals. This can occur when individuals handle or come into contact with tissues, fluids, or secretions from infected animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, or dogs. The bacterium responsible for brucellosis, Brucella spp., can enter the body through open wounds, mucous membranes, or even by being ingested if proper hygiene practices are not followed when handling animal products.

This mode of transmission underscores the importance of biosecurity measures in veterinary settings and agricultural practices, particularly for those who work closely with livestock. Awareness and education on safe handling practices can significantly reduce the risk of infection.

Other methods of transmission like inhaling contaminated air or consuming processed meats do not typically lead to brucellosis infections. Inhalation is not a recognized route for this disease, and while some animal products can transmit Brucella, processed meats are generally treated to eliminate the bacteria, making them safe for consumption. Similarly, insect bites are not a common transmission route for this bacterium, distinguishing direct contact as the primary risk factor for exposure.